One of the most interesting properties of bismuth is that it's usually repelled by a magnetic field when it's a solid, thanks to a phenomenon known as diamagnetism , but under certain high pressure and high temperature conditions - which usually coincide with it being in a liquid state - the metal can become ferromagnetic , or attracted to a magnetic field.
Because of this weird property, scientists have used bismuth to make a lot of important observations about the effect of magnetic fields on electrical conductivity usually bismuth is an incredibly weak conductor.
And now they've found something else about the metal - it appears to be capable of retaining structural memory of its liquid phase, even when it's a solid. Structural memory in metals isn't that odd - we already know that it's possible for a solid metal to retain a memory of a previous solid arrangement, which is what you see happening in shape-memory alloys if you're not familiar with those whacky materials, go and watch this video immediately.
Shape-memory alloys have a distinct arrangement that they'll always bounce back to when heated or cooled to a certain temperature. But the arrangements are always solid - the metals aren't bouncing between different phases.
In this study, researchers from the Carnegie Institution for Science brought bismuth to a liquid state at pressures an incredible 14, to 24, times greater than normal atmospheric pressure, and about 1, Kelvin degrees Celsius, or 1, degrees Fahrenheit.
For the conduction band the contribution from valence band differs by sign the induced diamagnetism in the general formulation for the susceptibility is made up of a paramagnetic contribution due to the second-order influence of the effective g factor in bismuth plus a diamagnetic contribution similar to the standard atomic diamagnetism using the cyclotron effective mass with the spread of the charge distribution measured by a quantity which plays an analogous role to the Compton wavelength for free electrons.
The exact expression beyond the usual power expansion in B of the one-band-effective-Hamiltonian function valid near the L point which yields the correct magnetic energy levels for the Lax model is also obtained.
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Learn about our response to COVID , including freely available research and expanded remote access support. Theory of Diamagnetism of Bismuth F. Buot and J. McClure Phys. B 6 , — Published 15 December Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Reprints and Permissions. LANE, C. Diamagnetism of Thin Films of Bismuth. Nature , Download citation.
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